MADCAD.com - The Cloud-Based Reference Library

- Free Trial - Webinar - Feedback

Cart (0)

No items in cart.

Total

There is a technical issue about last added item. You can click "Report to us" button to let us know and we resolve the issue and return back to you or you can continue without last item via click to continue button.

Home

Content

eLibrary

Not a subscriber? Register for a trial account.

Username:
Password:

Incorrect username/password.

Already a subscriber?

MADCAD.com Free Trial

Sign up for a 3 day free trial to explore the MADCAD.com interface, PLUS access the
2009 International Building Code to see how it all works.

If you like to setup a quick demo, let us know at support@madcad.com
or +1 800.798.9296 and we will be happy to schedule a webinar for you.

Email *
Password *
Confirm *
First Name *
Last Name *
Title
Company Name *
Company Size *
Industry *
Address *
Address 2
City *
State *	Zip *
Country *
Phone *
How did you hear about MADCAD.com? *

Contact us for a custom quote

Please fill the form below and a member of our staff will contact you shortly. The contents of your cart will automatically be sent to us so we can provide an accurate custom quote.

Company*
Full name*
Email*
Phone

⨯To continue with accurate pricing,
please select your company type below:

Large goverment organizations

Large multi-national corporation (more than $5B annual revenue)

None of the above

Your company has a special pricing case for IEEE.
For pricing, please contact us by filling out the form.

Full name*
Email*
Phone
Your selection

⨯We need your input!

Are you a code official in a jurisdiction with less than 300,000 population?

Yes No

This item is only available for the code officials of jurisdictions less then 300K population.

If you do not meet the criteria item will be removed and you will be able to continue shopping other items.

⨯ We need your input!

Your company has a special pricing case for ASME.
Please make sure the information you provide below is accurate.

Company Industry
Number Of Employees
Revenue

Pricing for the ASME publications in the store is for a 1-4 employee company in Construction Industry with revenue under $500,000.
If correct company info does not match what is publicly available info we will suspend the access and contact you for correction.
Please call 1-800-798-9296 if you have any questions.
If your company has more than 5,000 employee or more than 500 mil revenue please email us at info@madcad.com to receive a special quote, use "ASME Quote" on the subject line.

⨯ We need your input!

Your company has a special pricing case for BSI.
Please make sure the information you provide below is accurate.

Number Of Employees
Number Of Locations
Academic?
In UK?

If correct company info does not match what is publicly available info we will suspend the access and contact you for correction.
Please call 1-800-798-9296 if you have any questions.

eLibrary > BS EN 18168:2026 Ambient air. Biomonitoring with higher plants. Method of the standardized rye-grass exposure >

BS EN 18168:2026 Ambient air. Biomonitoring with higher plants. Method of the standardized rye-grass exposure, 2026

undefined
European foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle of the method
5 Test methods [Go to Page]
5.1 Material [Go to Page]
5.1.1 Grass species and cultivar
5.1.2 Substrate
5.1.3 Fertiliser solution
5.1.4 Water
5.1.5 Exposure device
Figure 1 — Plant pot [Go to Page]
5.2 Cultivation
5.3 Exposure
5.4 Exposure location
5.5 Exposure duration
Figure 2 — Exposure time of the grass culture in overlapping periods; each period covers 28 days
6 Sampling and handling of samples [Go to Page]
6.1 General
6.2 Sampling
6.3 Transport
6.4 Preparation of the samples
6.5 Storage
7 Documentation
8 Data handling and data reporting [Go to Page]
8.1 Performance characteristics
8.2 Study design and data handling/reporting in dependence on the required explanatory power of the study
9 Quality control and quality assurance [Go to Page]
9.1 Control of the plant material
9.2 Requirements for the exposure locations
9.3 Requirements for the sample quantity
9.4 Analytical requirements
10 Presentation of measured data
11 Assessment [Go to Page]
11.1 General
11.2 Reference values for comparison
11.3 Threshold values
Annex A (informative) Recommended upper limits for element concentrations in substrate
Table A.1 Recommended upper limits for element concentrations in substrate (potting soil type 0, partly mixed with 20 % to 30 % Sphagnum peat)
Annex B (informative) Examples of exposure devices
Figure B.1 — Example of water reservoir for one single pot
Figure B.2 — Sectional diagram of the grass exposure device (source: Biomonitor – France)
Figure B.3 — Exposure device and Italian rye-grass culture at the beginning of the exposure period (source: LANUK NRW)
Figure B.4 — Exposure device and Italian rye-grass culture at the end of the 28-day exposure period (source: Biomonitor – France)
Annex C (informative) Plates: cultivation and sampling
Annex D (informative) Sample preparation (before analysis)
Annex E (informative) Examples of protocols for documentation
Annex F (informative) Study design, data analysis and interpretation
F.1 General
F.2 Consideration of grass culture growth dynamics and substance accumulation over time
F.3 Background values and overall uncertainty in long-term background monitoring studies
Table F.1 Mean element content and content-related range in standardized grass cultures within the range of typical background values, determined from parallel exposures of two grass cultures respectively at different back-ground sites in Southern Ger...
F.4 Study design and data handling of source-related monitoring studies
F.4.1 General
F.4.2 Treatment of outlier values
F.4.3 Missing measurement values
Annex G (informative) Reference data
Table G.1 Pollutant contents (minimum, maximum, mean and median values) in standardized grass cultures for background exposure sites in France
Table G.2 Background exposure sites in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: Pollutant contents (minimum, maximum, mean and median values) in standardized grass cultures
Table G.3 Exposure at a typical industrial location (Duisburg Port) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: Pollutant contents (minimum, maximum, mean and median values) in standardized grass cultures
Table G.4 Traffic contamination location (Düsseldorf) exposure sites in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: Pollutant contents (minimum, maximum, mean and median values) in standardized grass cultures
Table G.5 Background exposure sites in Austria: Pollutant contents (minimum, maximum, mean and median values) in standardized grass cultures
Table G.6 Background exposure sites and an urban site in Bavaria, Germany: Pollutant contents (minimum, maximum, mean and median values) in standardized grass cultures
Bibliography
BACK COVER WITH LINKS.pdf [Go to Page]
Foreword
Section 1 General [Go to Page]
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
3.3 Abbreviated terms
Section 2 Fendering [Go to Page]
4 General principles [Go to Page]
4.1 Provision and overall design of fendering systems
Table 1 — Berth features to be taken into account in the design of the fendering system
Table 2 — Vessel features to be taken into account in the design of the fendering system
4.2 Selection and design of fenders
4.3 Vessel characteristics [Go to Page]
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Vessels with bulbous bows
Figure 1 — Geometry of vessel with bulbous bow impacting the quay structure
4.3.3 Belting
4.4 Fender layout for berths and other locations [Go to Page]
4.4.1 General
Figure 2 — Hull and cope geometry at initial contact
Figure 3 — Approximation of bow radius
4.4.2 Continuous quays
4.4.3 Island berths
Figure 4 — Fender layout for three island berth
Figure 5 — Fender layout for five island berth
4.4.4 Lead-in jetties and lock entrances
4.5 Berthing procedure [Go to Page]
4.5.1 Alongside berthing
Figure 6 — Geometry of vessel approach to berth
4.5.2 Ferry and Ro-Ro berths
Figure 7 — Ferry and Ro‑Ro vessel berthing
4.6 Berthing reactions and load distribution [Go to Page]
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Hull pressures
Table 3 — Guidance on hull pressure
4.6.3 Fender energy absorption and reaction due to parallel and angular berthing
Figure 8 — Hull and fender geometry at contact
4.7 Moored reactions
4.8 Moored vessels subject to wave action
5 Calculation of berthing energies [Go to Page]
5.1 Characteristic and design berthing energy
5.2 Calculation of characteristic berthing energies for alongside berthing [Go to Page]
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Berthing velocities
5.2.3 Displacement
5.2.4 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient
5.2.5 Eccentricity coefficient
5.2.6 Softness coefficient
5.2.7 Berth configuration coefficient
5.3 Calculation of berthing energies for ferry and Ro-Ro berths [Go to Page]
5.3.1 Characteristic berthing velocities
5.3.2 Side fenders
5.3.3 End fenders
6 Selection of fenders and fender types [Go to Page]
6.1 General
6.2 Materials and workmanship
6.3 Fenders using moulded/wrapped/extruded elastomeric units [Go to Page]
6.3.1 Fender selection
6.3.2 Fender reactions for the design of fender support structures, fender panels and fender ancillary items
6.4 Torsion arm fenders
Figure 9 — Torsion arm fender
6.5 Pneumatic and foam-filled fenders [Go to Page]
6.5.1 Pneumatic fenders
6.5.2 Foam-filled fenders
6.6 Shear forces on fenders
Table 8 — Typical coefficients of friction of fender-facing materials in dry conditions
6.7 Mounting and suspension [Go to Page]
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Fixings
6.7.3 Restraint chains
6.7.4 Suspension systems for fenders
6.8 Fender panels [Go to Page]
6.8.1 Geometry
6.8.2 Design
6.8.3 Fabrication
6.8.4 Maintenance
6.9 Fender spools [Go to Page]
6.9.1 Design
6.9.2 Fixings
6.9.3 Corrosion mitigation
6.9.4 Fabrication
6.9.5 Maintenance
6.10 Flexible dolphins [Go to Page]
6.10.1 Loadings
6.10.2 Design of flexible dolphin
6.10.3 Design deflections
6.10.4 Decks and berthing frames
6.10.5 Flexible dolphins with fenders
Figure 11 — Flexible dolphins
6.11 Traceability
Section 3 Mooring [Go to Page]
7 Principles of effective mooring [Go to Page]
7.1 General
7.2 Snap back
7.3 Mooring lines [Go to Page]
7.3.1 Breast lines
7.3.2 Spring lines
7.3.3 Head and stern lines and additional mooring lines
7.4 Mooring layouts [Go to Page]
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Continuous quays
Figure 12 — Typical mooring pattern for continuous quay
7.4.3 Island or similar berths
Figure 13 — Optimum angles of mooring lines for island tanker berth
8 Actions acting on the moored vessel [Go to Page]
8.1 General
8.2 Wind and currents
8.3 Hydrodynamic forces [Go to Page]
8.3.1 Off‑quay hydrodynamic forces
Figure 14 — Vessel under influence of stand off force
8.3.2 Passing vessel effects
8.3.3 Long period and infragravity waves
8.4 Tidal rise and fall and change in draught or trim due to cargo operations
8.5 Ice
Figure 15 — Effect of rise and fall of tide and change in draught or trim
9 Loads on mooring points [Go to Page]
9.1 General
9.2 Calculation methods [Go to Page]
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Method 1: Elastic analysis
9.2.3 Method 2: Simple shared loads
9.2.4 Method 3: Working line loads
9.2.5 Method 4: Computer simulation or physical modelling
9.2.6 Method 5: Notional bollard load capacity
Table 9 — Nominal bollard capacity for preliminary design of continuous berths accommodating vessels up to 20 000 t displacement
9.3 Design of mooring point supporting structures
10 Berth mooring equipment [Go to Page]
10.1 Materials and testing
10.2 Mounting and fixing
10.3 Traceability
10.4 Bollards
Table 10 — Mooring bollards
Table 11 — Partial factors associated with the uncertainty of the resistance model applicable to the design of bollards
10.5 Quick release mooring hooks
10.6 Capstans
10.7 Alternative mooring systems [Go to Page]
10.7.1 Hydraulic piston mooring systems
10.7.2 Vacuum mooring systems
10.7.3 Magnetic mooring systems
Annex A (normative)Performance testing of elastomeric fender units
A.1 Test pieces
A.2 Number of test pieces
A.3 Test laboratory and apparatus
A.4 Independent verification
A.5 Thermal stabilization
Table A.1 — Calculation of Δ for determining the duration of thermal stabilization
A.6 Compression velocity
A.7 Angular compression
A.8 Extent of compression
A.9 Calculation of energy absorption
A.10 Stability of test piece
A.11 Test procedure
A.12 Pass criteria
A.13 Test report
A.14 Establishment of fender performance factors
A.15 Performance testing for type approval
Annex B (informative)Berthing velocities
B.1 Historic approach
B.2 WG211 approach
B.3 Alternative approach
Figure B.1 — Suggested minimum berthing velocities
Table B.1 — Minimum characteristic berthing velocities
Annex C (normative)Durability testing of elastomeric fender units
C.1 Test pieces
C.2 Number of test pieces
C.3 Number and extent of compressions
C.4 Test laboratory and apparatus
C.5 Test procedure
C.6 Pass criteria
C.7 Test report
C.8 Durability testing for type approval
Annex D (informative)Further background to moored ship dynamic response
Annex E (normative)Numerical modelling
Figure E.1 — The six degrees of freedom of vessel motion
Annex F (normative)Physical modelling
Annex G (normative)Testing of mooring equipment
G.1 General
G.2 Laboratory testing [Go to Page]
G.2.1 General
G.2.2 Testing pass criteria
G.2.3 Minimum breaking load (MBL)
G.2.4 Verification of working load limit at project stage
G.3 Reporting of laboratory testing
G.4 Conformity
G.5 Verification of WLL of installed mooring equipment
G.6 Reporting of in situ testing
Bibliography [Go to Page]

MADCAD.com Free Trial

Report To Us

Contact us for a custom quote

⨯To continue with accurate pricing,
please select your company type below:

⨯We need your input!

⨯ We need your input!

⨯ We need your input!

⨯We need your input!

⨯We need your input!

Cart Warning

BS EN 18168:2026 Ambient air. Biomonitoring with higher plants. Method of the standardized rye-grass exposure, 2026

MADCAD.com Free Trial

Report To Us

Contact us for a custom quote

⨯To continue with accurate pricing, please select your company type below:

⨯We need your input!

⨯ We need your input!

⨯ We need your input!

⨯We need your input!

⨯We need your input!

Cart Warning

BS EN 18168:2026 Ambient air. Biomonitoring with higher plants. Method of the standardized rye-grass exposure, 2026

⨯To continue with accurate pricing,
please select your company type below: