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eLibrary > BS EN 1991-3:2026 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures - Actions induced by cranes and machines >

BS EN 1991-3:2026 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures - Actions induced by cranes and machines, 2026

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European foreword
0 Introduction
1 Scope [Go to Page]
1.1 Scope of EN 1991-3
1.2 Assumptions
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols [Go to Page]
3.1 Terms and definitions [Go to Page]
3.1.1 General terms and definitions
Figure 3.1 — Distinction between actions on and from cranes (exemplified for the hoist load of a bridge crane) [Go to Page]
3.1.2 Terms and definitions commonly used in crane design
Figure 3.2 — Crane-related terms (exemplified for a bridge crane) [Go to Page]
3.1.3 Terms and definitions specific for travelling cranes
Figure 3.3 — Example of a monorail hoist block
Figure 3.4 — Examples of bridge cranes
Figure 3.5 — Examples of gantry cranes
Figure 3.6 — Example of a travelling wall crane
Figure 3.7 — Guide-means [Go to Page]
3.1.4 Terms specific for supporting structures of travelling crane
3.1.5 Actions on cranes
Figure 3.8 — Definition of self-weight of crane QC, self-weight of trolley QT and hoist load QH of a bridge crane [Go to Page]
3.2 Symbols [Go to Page]
3.2.1 Latin upper-case letters
3.2.2 Latin lower-case letters
3.2.3 Greek lower-case letters
4 Basis of design
5 Classification of actions from cranes travelling on fixed runways or from machines [Go to Page]
5.1 Actions from cranes travelling on fixed runways [Go to Page]
5.1.1 Actions to be classified
5.1.2 Crane specific classification
Table 5.1 — Dynamic factors applied to actions from cranes [Go to Page]
5.2 Actions from fixed machines
6 Actions from cranes travelling on fixed runways [Go to Page]
6.1 Field of application
6.2 Design situations [Go to Page]
6.2.1 Single crane operation
6.2.2 Multiple crane operation
Table 6.1 (NDP) — Limitations on number of bridge cranes in fundamental (persistent and transient) and fatigue design situations for the verification of the ultimate limit states [Go to Page]
6.3 Representation of actions
Figure 6.1 — Example for actions on a crane runway beam from a bridge crane with two wheel axles and single driven wheels (schematic illustration)
Figure 6.2 — Example for actions from a travelling wall crane (schematic illustration)
Figure 6.3 — Example for actions on a crane runway beam from a non-articulated semi-gantry crane (schematic illustration) [Go to Page]
6.4 Load groups
Table 6.2 — Load groups treated as a single action from crane for design situations of Ultimate Limit State
Table 6.3 — Load groups treated as a single action from crane for Serviceability Limit State deformation and displacement criteria [Go to Page]
6.5 Load arrangements
6.6 Characteristic values of crane-induced actions under normal service conditions [Go to Page]
6.6.1 Vertical crane-induced actions
Table 6.4 — Simplified dynamic factors ϕ1 and ϕ2
Table 6.5 — Dynamic factor ϕ4
Figure 6.4 — Eccentricity of wheel loads [Go to Page]
6.6.2 Horizontal crane-induced actions [Go to Page]
6.6.2.1 Top-mounted bridge cranes
Table 6.6 — Dynamic factor ϕ5 [Go to Page]
6.6.2.2 Underhung bridge cranes
6.6.2.3 Monorail hoist blocks
6.6.2.4 Gantry, semi-gantry and travelling wall cranes
6.6.2.5 Other travelling cranes
6.7 Characteristic values of actions from crane tests
6.8 Characteristic values of crane-induced actions under exceptional service conditions
6.9 Crane-induced fatigue actions [Go to Page]
6.9.1 Single crane action
Table 6.7 — Classification of the fatigue actions from cranes [Go to Page]
6.9.2 Multiple crane action
6.9.3 Single wheel load effect
6.9.4 Multiple wheel load effect
6.10 In-service wind
7 Actions from fixed machines [Go to Page]
7.1 Field of application
7.2 Design situations
7.3 Representation of actions [Go to Page]
7.3.1 Nature of the loads
7.3.2 Modelling of dynamic actions
7.3.3 Modelling of machine-structure interaction
7.4 Characteristic values
Annex A (informative) Guidance on crane classification for fatigue design of crane supporting structures
A.1 Use of this informative annex
A.2 Scope and field of application
A.3 Classification
Table A.1 — Indications of typical C–classes of bridge and gantry cranes
Annex B (informative) Guidance on simplified calculation of actions from selected bridge cranes
B.1 Use of this informative annex
B.2 Scope and field of application
B.3 Four-wheeled bridge crane
B.3.1 Horizontal actions due to acceleration and deceleration of crane
Figure B.1 — Definition of the transverse forces HT,i for four-wheeled crane (example with flanged wheels)
B.3.2 Horizontal actions due to acceleration and deceleration of trolley
Figure B.2 — Definition of the transverse forces HTT for four-wheeled crane
B.3.3 Horizontal actions due to skewing of crane
Figure B.3 — Definition of the transverse forces HS,T,i,j for four-wheeled crane (example with flanged wheels)
B.4 Eight-wheeled bridge crane
B.4.1 Horizontal actions due to acceleration and deceleration of crane
B.4.2 Horizontal actions due to acceleration and deceleration of trolley
B.4.3 Horizontal actions due to skewing of crane
Figure B.4 — Definition of the transverse forces HT,i for eight-wheeled crane
Figure B.5 — Definition of the transverse forces HTT for eight-wheeled crane
Figure B.6 — Definition of the transverse forces HS,i,j,T for eight-wheeled crane
Annex C (informative) Actions from travelling wall cranes
C.1 Use of this informative annex
C.2 Scope and field of application
Figure C.1 — Dimensions and actions of travelling wall crane
C.3 Actions due to crane self-weight and hoist load
Figure C.2 — Actions from crane on crane runways
C.4 Actions due to acceleration of crane
C.5 Actions due to acceleration of trolley
C.6 Actions due to crane buffer collision
C.7 Actions due to trolley buffer collision
Figure C.3 — Actions due to crane buffer collision
Bibliography [Go to Page]

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BS EN 1991-3:2026 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures - Actions induced by cranes and machines, 2026

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